RecyclerView中ItemDecoration的精妙用法，实现自定义分隔线、边距和背景效果

ItemDecoration 是 RecyclerView 组件的一个非常有用的功能，用于添加自定义的装饰项（如分隔线、边距、背景等）到 RecyclerView 的每个 item 之间或周围。ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

recyclerView.addItemDecoration()

ItemDecoration主要的三个方法：ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

1. onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state): 在 RecyclerView 的 canvas 上绘制自定义的装饰项，通常用于绘制分隔线或背景。
2. onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state): 与 onDraw 类似，但绘制的内容会出现在 item 的视图之上。在 item 视图上方绘制内容（如高亮或选择效果），可以使用这个方法。
3. getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state): 设置 item 的边距。outRect 参数是一个 Rect 对象，可以设置它的 left、top、right 和 bottom 属性来定义 item 的额外空间。这些额外的空间会用于绘制分隔线或边距。

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• 图1：代表了getItemOffsets()，可以实现类似padding的效果。
• 图2：代表了onDraw()，可以实现类似绘制背景的效果，内容在上面。
• 图3：代表了onDrawOver()，可以绘制在内容的上面，覆盖内容。

分割线

实现分割线效果需要 getItemOffsets()和 onDraw()2个方法，首先用 getItemOffsets给item下方空出一定高度的空间（例子中是1dp），然后用onDraw绘制这个空间。ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public class SimpleDividerDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {    private int dividerHeight;    private Paint dividerPaint;    public SimpleDividerDecoration(Context context) {        dividerPaint = new Paint();        dividerPaint.setColor(context.getResources().getColor(R.color.colorAccent));        dividerHeight = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.divider_height);    }    @Override    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {        super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);        outRect.bottom = dividerHeight;    }    @Override    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {        int childCount = parent.getChildCount();        int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();        int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();        for (int i = 0; i < childCount - 1; i++) {            View view = parent.getChildAt(i);            float top = view.getBottom();            float bottom = view.getBottom() + dividerHeight;            c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, dividerPaint);        }    }}

图片ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

标签

标签都是覆盖在内容之上的，可以用onDrawOver()来实现，这里简单实现一个颜色标签。ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public class LeftAndRightTagDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {    private int tagWidth;    private Paint leftPaint;    private Paint rightPaint;    public LeftAndRightTagDecoration(Context context) {        leftPaint = new Paint();        leftPaint.setColor(context.getResources().getColor(R.color.colorAccent));        rightPaint = new Paint();        rightPaint.setColor(context.getResources().getColor(R.color.colorPrimary));        tagWidth = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.tag_width);    }    @Override    public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {        super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state);        int childCount = parent.getChildCount();        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {            View child = parent.getChildAt(i);            int pos = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(child);            boolean isLeft = pos % 2 == 0;            if (isLeft) {                float left = child.getLeft();                float right = left + tagWidth;                float top = child.getTop();                float bottom = child.getBottom();                c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, leftPaint);            } else {                float right = child.getRight();                float left = right - tagWidth;                float top = child.getTop();                float bottom = child.getBottom();                c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, rightPaint);            }        }    }}

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ItemDecoration组合

ItemDecoration是可以叠加的，可以将多个效果通过addItemDecoration方法叠加，将上面两种效果叠加。ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new LeftAndRightTagDecoration(this));recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new SimpleDividerDecoration(this));

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Section分组

定义接口用来进行数据分组和获取首字母，重写getItemOffsets()和onDraw()方法，并根据数据进行分组处理。ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public interface DecorationCallback {        long getGroupId(int position);        String getGroupFirstLine(int position);    }

public class SectionDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {    private static final String TAG = "SectionDecoration";    private DecorationCallback callback;    private TextPaint textPaint;    private Paint paint;    private int topGap;    private Paint.FontMetrics fontMetrics;    public SectionDecoration(Context context, DecorationCallback decorationCallback) {        Resources res = context.getResources();        this.callback = decorationCallback;        paint = new Paint();        paint.setColor(res.getColor(R.color.colorAccent));        textPaint = new TextPaint();        textPaint.setTypeface(Typeface.DEFAULT_BOLD);        textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);        textPaint.setTextSize(80);        textPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);        textPaint.getFontMetrics(fontMetrics);        textPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.LEFT);        fontMetrics = new Paint.FontMetrics();        topGap = res.getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.sectioned_top);//32dp    }    @Override    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {        super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);        int pos = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view);        Log.i(TAG, "getItemOffsets：" + pos);        long groupId = callback.getGroupId(pos);        if (groupId < 0) return;        if (pos == 0 || isFirstInGroup(pos)) {//同组的第一个才添加padding            outRect.top = topGap;        } else {            outRect.top = 0;        }    }    @Override    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {        super.onDraw(c, parent, state);        int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();        int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();        int childCount = parent.getChildCount();        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {            View view = parent.getChildAt(i);            int position = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view);            long groupId = callback.getGroupId(position);            if (groupId < 0) return;            String textLine = callback.getGroupFirstLine(position).toUpperCase();            if (position == 0 || isFirstInGroup(position)) {                float top = view.getTop() - topGap;                float bottom = view.getTop();                c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, paint);//绘制红色矩形                c.drawText(textLine, left, bottom, textPaint);//绘制文本            }        }    }        private boolean isFirstInGroup(int pos) {        if (pos == 0) {            return true;        } else {            long prevGroupId = callback.getGroupId(pos - 1);            long groupId = callback.getGroupId(pos);            return prevGroupId != groupId;        }    }    public interface DecorationCallback {        long getGroupId(int position);        String getGroupFirstLine(int position);    }}

recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new SectionDecoration(this, new SectionDecoration.DecorationCallback() {    @Override    public long getGroupId(int position) {        return Character.toUpperCase(dataList.get(position).getName().charAt(0));    }    @Override    public String getGroupFirstLine(int position) {        return dataList.get(position).getName().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase();    }}));

StickyHeader

头部吸顶效果，header不动肯定是要绘制item内容之上，需要重写onDrawOver()方法，其和Section实现一样。ilt28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public class PinnedSectionDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {    private static final String TAG = "PinnedSectionDecoration";    private DecorationCallback callback;    private TextPaint textPaint;    private Paint paint;    private int topGap;    private Paint.FontMetrics fontMetrics;    public PinnedSectionDecoration(Context context, DecorationCallback decorationCallback) {        Resources res = context.getResources();        this.callback = decorationCallback;        paint = new Paint();        paint.setColor(res.getColor(R.color.colorAccent));        textPaint = new TextPaint();        textPaint.setTypeface(Typeface.DEFAULT_BOLD);        textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);        textPaint.setTextSize(80);        textPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);        textPaint.getFontMetrics(fontMetrics);        textPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.LEFT);        fontMetrics = new Paint.FontMetrics();        topGap = res.getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.sectioned_top);    }    @Override    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {        super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);        int pos = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view);        long groupId = callback.getGroupId(pos);        if (groupId < 0) return;        if (pos == 0 || isFirstInGroup(pos)) {            outRect.top = topGap;        } else {            outRect.top = 0;        }    }    @Override    public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {        super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state);        int itemCount = state.getItemCount();        int childCount = parent.getChildCount();        int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();        int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();        float lineHeight = textPaint.getTextSize() + fontMetrics.descent;        long preGroupId, groupId = -1;        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {            View view = parent.getChildAt(i);            int position = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view);            preGroupId = groupId;            groupId = callback.getGroupId(position);            if (groupId < 0 || groupId == preGroupId) continue;            String textLine = callback.getGroupFirstLine(position).toUpperCase();            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(textLine)) continue;            int viewBottom = view.getBottom();            float textY = Math.max(topGap, view.getTop());            if (position + 1 < itemCount) { //下一个和当前不一样移动当前                long nextGroupId = callback.getGroupId(position + 1);                if (nextGroupId != groupId && viewBottom < textY ) {//组内最后一个view进入了header                    textY = viewBottom;                }            }            c.drawRect(left, textY - topGap, right, textY, paint);            c.drawText(textLine, left, textY, textPaint);        }    }}

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