环境:Spring5.3.23
static interface DAO {}static class CommonDAO implements DAO {}@Configurationstatic class AppConfig { @Bean DAO dao() { return new CommonDAO() ; }}static class CommonService { @Resource private DAO dao ; @Resource private CommonDAO commonDAO ;}try (AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext()) { context.registerBean(AppConfig.class) ; context.registerBean(CommonService.class) ; context.refresh() ;}
上面是基本的bean定义。在AppConfig配置类中定义了DAO bean实例,在CommonService中分别去注入DAO 接口和CommonDAO。运行上面的程序没有问题正常。
static class CommonService { @Resource private CommonDAO commonDAO ;}
当CommonService只注入CommonDAO时,程序既然报错了
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.pack.main.bean_propertyvalue_inject.InterfaceAndImplInject$CommonDAO' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@javax.annotation.Resource(shareable=true, lookup=, name=, description=, authenticationType=CONTAINER, type=class java.lang.Object, mappedName=)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1801) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1357)
错误提示:需要CommonDAO但是容器中没有,是不是很奇怪。
static class CommonService { @Resource private CommonDAO dao;}
只是吧字段的名称修改为dao,程序又正确了。这个什么原因???
static class CommonService { @Resource private CommonDAO commonDAO ; @Resource private DAO dao ;}
这里仅仅是修改了下字段的顺序,程序又报错了,是不是太神奇了。
@Configurationstatic class AppConfig { @Bean CommonService commonService() { return new CommonService() ; } @Bean DAO dao() { return new CommonDAO() ; }}static class CommonService { @Resource private CommonDAO commonDAO ;}
修改了CommonService bean的注册方式,运行程序还是错误
@Configurationstatic class AppConfig { @Bean DAO dao() { return new CommonDAO() ; } @Bean CommonService commonService() { return new CommonService() ; }}
根据2.4的情况,修改注册DAO与CommonService的顺序后,程序又正确了。
当如下方式注入时
@Resourceprivate DAO dao ;@Resourceprivate CommonDAO commonDAO ;
提示:@Resource注解对应的处理器是CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
这里首先要整清楚@Resource的注入方式
@Resource先根据beanName进行查找,再通过类型查找。源码:
public class CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor { protected Object autowireResource(BeanFactory factory, LookupElement element, @Nullable String requestingBeanName) { Object resource; if (factory instanceof AutowireCapableBeanFactory) { AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory = (AutowireCapableBeanFactory) factory; DependencyDescriptor descriptor = element.getDependencyDescriptor(); // 判断你当前注入属性的名字(beanName) 在容器中是否存在。这里取反了,如果不存在时进行类型的查找 if (this.fallbackToDefaultTypeMatch && element.isDefaultName && !factory.containsBean(name)) { resource = beanFactory.resolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, null); } else { // 存在,直接通过beanName(这里就是字段名)查找 resource = beanFactory.resolveBeanByName(name, descriptor); autowiredBeanNames = Collections.singleton(name); } } return resource; }}
上面你知道了@Resource注解的方式注入的方式后。接下来就是查找具体的bean了,不管是通过beanName还是类型。这里演示还是按照beanName方式,接着上面的代码
public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory { public Object resolveBeanByName(String name, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) { return getBean(name, descriptor.getDependencyType()); }}public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory { public <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException { return doGetBean(name, requiredType, null, false); } protected <T> T doGetBean( String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) { // 这里就是先从单例池中获取指定beanName是否存在,如果不存在则进行创建bean实例。 // 创建完成后将当前的实例存入单例池中。 }}
到此,DAO类型的属性就注入成功了,接下是注入CommonDAO。注入CommonDAO由于容器中没有对应的beanName,所有进入上面的if语句中。
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory { public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName, @Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException { // ... Object result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter); } public Object doResolveDependency(...) { // ... Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor); } protected Map<String, Object> findAutowireCandidates( @Nullable String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) { // 通过类型查找beanNames, 当前reqiredType=CommonDAO String[] candidateNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors( this, requiredType, true, descriptor.isEager()); }}public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils { public static String[] beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors( ListableBeanFactory lbf, Class<?> type, boolean includeNonSingletons, boolean allowEagerInit) { // 通过类型查找 String[] result = lbf.getBeanNamesForType(type, includeNonSingletons, allowEagerInit); return result; }}public class DefaultListableBeanFactory { public String[] getBeanNamesForType(@Nullable Class<?> type, boolean includeNonSingletons, boolean allowEagerInit) { // 通过类型查找 String[] resolvedBeanNames = doGetBeanNamesForType(ResolvableType.forRawClass(type), includeNonSingletons, true); return resolvedBeanNames; } private String[] doGetBeanNamesForType(ResolvableType type, boolean includeNonSingletons, boolean allowEagerInit) { // 遍历所有的BeanDefinition(这是Spring容器对每一个bena的元数据了) for (String beanName : this.beanDefinitionNames) { RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName) ; // 关键代码 matchFound = isTypeMatch(beanName, type, true); } } protected boolean isTypeMatch(String name, ...) { // beanName = dao String beanName = transformedBeanName(name); // 从单例池中获取实例,这里肯定可以获取,我们第一个属性注入的就是 // DAO,所以这里就返回了CommonDAO实例 Object beanInstance = getSingleton(beanName, false); if (beanInstance != null && beanInstance.getClass() != NullBean.class) { // 这里肯定是实例对象,直接返回了 if (typeToMatch.isInstance(beanInstance)) { return true; } } }}
到这你应该清楚了为什么同时有DAO和CommonDAO注入时能成功了。但是当没有DAO注入的时候为什么就错误呢?原因其实在上面已经给出了,你只要包装我在注入CommonDAO时,容器中已经将DAO这个bean实例创建存入到单例池中即可。这也就是为什么上面我们调整合理的顺序后就能注入成功。还有就是你可以将CommonDAO的字段名称改成与DAO bean的beanName一致也是可以的。
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