Unsafe是位于sun.misc包下的一个类,主要提供一些用于执行低级别、不安全操作的方法,如直接访问系统内存资源、自主管理内存资源等,这些方法在提升Java运行效率、增强Java语言底层资源操作能力方面起到了很大的作用。但由于Unsafe类使得Java语言拥有了类似C语言指针一样操作内存空间的能力,这无疑也增加了程序发生相关指针问题的风险。在程序中过度、不正确使用Unsafe类会使得程序出错的概率变大,使得Java这种安全的语言变得不再“安全”,因此对Unsafe的使用一定要慎重。java.util.concurrent.atomic包下的原子操作类,基本都是使用Unsafe实现的。
Unsafe提供的API大致可分为内存操作、CAS、Class、对象操作、线程、系统信息获取、内存屏障、数组操作等几类。
内存相关
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CAS相关
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java.util.concurrent.atomic包中的原子类基本都用的Unsafe
private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();private static final long valueOffset;static { try { valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AtomicInteger.class.getDeclaredField("value")); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }}public final int getAndSet(int newValue) { return unsafe.getAndSetInt(this, valueOffset, newValue);}
线程相关
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LockSupport类中有应用unpark,park
public static void park(Object blocker) { Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); setBlocker(t, blocker); UNSAFE.park(false, 0L); setBlocker(t, null);}
public static void unpark(Thread thread) { if (thread != null) UNSAFE.unpark(thread);}
Class相关
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对象操作相关
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系统相关
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内存屏障
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loadFence:保证在这个屏障之前的所有读操作都已经完成。
storeFence:保证在这个屏障之前的所有写操作都已经完成。fullFence:保证在这个屏障之前的所有读写操作都已经完成。
在java8中 有这个StampedLock类,该类中应用了内存屏障功能。
private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U;static { try { U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new Error(e); }}public boolean validate(long stamp) { U.loadFence(); return (stamp & SBITS) == (state & SBITS);}
Unsafe.java
public final class Unsafe { private static native void registerNatives(); static { registerNatives(); sun.reflect.Reflection.registerMethodsToFilter(Unsafe.class, "getUnsafe"); } private Unsafe() {} private static final Unsafe theUnsafe = new Unsafe(); // ...}
Unsafe类是final且是单例的,并且theUnsafe字段是private;通过如下方法获取实例。
方法1
Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ;theUnsafe.setAccessible(true) ;Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null) ;
方法2
private static Unsafe unsafe = null ;static { try { Constructor<Unsafe> cons = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredConstructor() ; cons.setAccessible(true) ; unsafe = cons.newInstance() ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
int i = 0 ;public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { UnsafeDemo d = new UnsafeDemo() ; // 获取Unsafe实例 Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ; theUnsafe.setAccessible(true) ; Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null) ; // 获取类的实例变量 Field f = UnsafeDemo.class.getDeclaredField("i") ; // 获取字段相对Java对象的"起始地址"的偏移量 long fieldOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(f) ; System.out.println(fieldOffset) ; // 设置值 boolean success = unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(d, fieldOffset, 0, 10) ; System.out.println(success) ; System.out.println(d.i) ;}
private static Unsafe unsafe = null ;static {try { Constructor<Unsafe> cons = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredConstructor() ; cons.setAccessible(true) ; unsafe = cons.newInstance() ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}public static void allocate() { try { Person p = (Person)unsafe.allocateInstance(Person.class) ; p.setId("s001"); System.out.println(p.getValue()) ; System.out.println(p.getId()) ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
执行结果:
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对象操作2:
private Person p = new Person("1", "张三") ;public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { UnSafeObjectDemo d = new UnSafeObjectDemo() ; Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ; field.setAccessible(true) ; Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null) ; Field f = d.getClass().getDeclaredField("p") ; long offset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(f) ; System.out.println(offset) ; boolean res = unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(d, offset, d.p, new Person("2", "李四")) ; System.out.println(res) ; System.out.println(d.p.getName()) ;}
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当不知道即将使用的对象有何构造函数,或是不想使用现有对象的构造函数创建对象时,可以通过如下方式:
Constructor<Teacher> cons = (Constructor<Teacher>) ReflectionFactory .getReflectionFactory() .newConstructorForSerialization(Teacher.class, Object.class.getConstructor());cons.setAccessible(true) ;Teacher t = cons.newInstance() ;System.out.println(t) ;
public class AtomicCount { private static Unsafe unsafe ; private int value ; private static long valueOffset ; static { try { Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe") ; theUnsafe.setAccessible(true) ; unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null) ; Field f = AtomicCount.class.getDeclaredField("value") ; valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(f) ; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public AtomicCount(int value) { this.value = value ; } public final int get() { return value; } public final int getAndIncrement() { return unsafe.getAndAddInt(this, valueOffset, 1); }}
完毕!!!
本文链接:http://www.28at.com/showinfo-26-12128-0.html【揭秘】JUC并发工具包底层机制探究,Unsafe原来这么强大!
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