Springboot如何优雅的实现异常重试机制

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一、概述

微服务之间相互调用，难免会出现形形色色的异常，出现异常时有些情况可能需要先落重试任务表，然后通过任务调度等进行定时重试；通过自定义重试注解@Retryable，减少对核心业务代码入侵，增强代码可读性、可维护性。下面通过实战，开发自定义重试注解@Retryable。诸位可根据业务需要，稍作改造直接使用。XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

二、实战

重试任务表定义(retry_task)：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

CREATE TABLE `retry_task` (  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键值',  `business_type_code` varchar(32) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '业务类型编码',  `business_type_desc` varchar(100) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '业务类型描述',  `retry_service_name` varchar(100) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '重试的service名称',  `business_param` text COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '业务参数',  `wait_retry_times` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 3 COMMENT '待重试次数',  `already_retry_times` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '已重试次数',  `retry_result_code` varchar(36) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '重试结果码',  `retry_result_msg` varchar(255) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '重试结果描述',  `create_user` varchar(36) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '创建人',  `create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',  `update_user` varchar(36) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '更新人',  `update_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),  KEY `idx_create_time` (`create_time`),  KEY `idx_business_type_code` (`business_type_code`)) COMMENT='重试任务表';

重试任务表实体类(RetryTaskEntity)：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

@Datapublic class RetryTaskEntity implements Serializable {    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1950778520234119369L;    /**     * 主键值     */    private BigInteger id;    /**     * 业务类型编码     */    private String businessTypeCode;    /**     * 业务类型描述     */    private String businessTypeDesc;    /**     * 重试的service名称     */    private String retryServiceName;    /**     * 业务参数     */    private String businessParam;    /**     * 待重试的次数     */    private Integer waitRetryTimes;    /**     * 已重试的次数     */    private Integer alreadyRetryTimes;    /**     * 重试结果码     */    private String retryResultCode;    /**     * 重试结果描述     */    private String retryResultMsg;    /**     * 创建人     */    private String createUser;    /**     * 创建时间     */    private Date createTime;    /**     * 更新人     */    private String updateUser;    /**     * 更新时间     */    private Date updateTime;}

重试任务表mapper和对应的xml文件：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public interface RetryTaskMapper {    int addRetryTask(RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity);}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE mapper        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="com.boot.demo.mapper.RetryTaskMapper">    <insert id="addRetryTask" parameterType="com.boot.demo.pojo.RetryTaskEntity">        INSERT INTO retry_task(business_type_code,                               business_type_desc,                               retry_service_name,                               business_param,                               wait_retry_times,                               already_retry_times,                               retry_result_code,                               retry_result_msg,                               create_user,                               create_time,                               update_user,                               update_time)        VALUES (#{businessTypeCode},                #{businessTypeDesc},                #{retryServiceName},                #{businessParam},                #{waitRetryTimes},                #{alreadyRetryTimes},                #{retryResultCode},                #{retryResultMsg},                #{createUser},                #{createTime},                #{updateUser},                #{updateTime})    </insert></mapper>

重试任务表service和对应的serviceImpl：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public interface RetryTaskService {    void addRetryTask(RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity);}

@Servicepublic class RetryTaskServiceImpl implements RetryTaskService {    @Autowired    private RetryTaskMapper retryTaskMapper;    @Override    public void addRetryTask(RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity) {        retryTaskMapper.addRetryTask(retryTaskEntity);    }}

业务类型枚举类(RetryTaskDefinitionEnum)：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

/** * 重试任务枚举 */public enum RetryTaskDefinitionEnum {    ADD_STOCK("101", "采购入库成功后新增库存异常重试", "purchaseService", 3);    /**     * 业务类型编码     */    private final String businessTypeCode;    /**     * 业务类型描述     */    private final String businessTypeDesc;    /**     * 重试的service名称     */    private final String retryServiceName;    /**     * 重试次数     */    private final Integer retryTimes;    RetryTaskDefinitionEnum(String businessTypeCode, String businessTypeDesc, String retryServiceName, Integer retryTimes) {        this.businessTypeCode = businessTypeCode;        this.businessTypeDesc = businessTypeDesc;        this.retryServiceName = retryServiceName;        this.retryTimes = retryTimes;    }    public static RetryTaskDefinitionEnum getTaskDefinitionByBusinessTypeCode(String businessTypeCode) {        if (StringUtils.isBlank(businessTypeCode)) {            return null;        }        for (RetryTaskDefinitionEnum taskDefinition : values()) {            if (taskDefinition.getBusinessTypeCode().equals(businessTypeCode)) {                return taskDefinition;            }        }        return null;    }    public String getBusinessTypeCode() {        return businessTypeCode;    }    public String getBusinessTypeDesc() {        return businessTypeDesc;    }    public String getRetryServiceName() {        return retryServiceName;    }    public Integer getRetryTimes() {        return retryTimes;    }}

自定义注解(@MyRetryable)：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

import java.lang.annotation.*;@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Target(ElementType.METHOD)@Inherited@Documentedpublic @interface MyRetryable {    RetryTaskDefinitionEnum businessType();}

自定义注解切面(MyRetryableAspect)：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import com.boot.demo.result.Result;import com.boot.demo.result.ResultCode;import com.boot.demo.pojo.RetryTaskEntity;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;import com.boot.demo.annotation.MyRetryable;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;import com.boot.demo.service.RetryTaskService;import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import com.boot.demo.annotation.RetryTaskDefinitionEnum;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import java.util.Date;@Slf4j@Aspect@Componentpublic class MyRetryableAspect {    @Autowired    private RetryTaskService retryTaskService;    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.boot.demo.annotation.MyRetryable)")    public void pointCut() {    }    @Around(value = "pointCut()")    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {        Result result = null;        try {            // 执行目标方法            result = (Result) joinPoint.proceed();            // 目标方法返回：成功结果码(200)，则无需重试            if (ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode() == result.getCode()) {                return result;            }            // 目标方法返回：非成功结果码(非200)则需重试(此次可根据需要判断什么样的返回码需要重试)            dealAddRetryTask(joinPoint);，            return result;        } catch (Throwable e) {            log.error("myRetryableAspectLog error param: {} result: {} e: ", joinPoint.getArgs(), result, e);            // 此处捕获异常之后，也可以根据需要重试，这里就仅输出异常日志            return result;        }    }    private void dealAddRetryTask(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {        // 获取重试注解信息        MyRetryable myRetryableAnnotation = ((MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature()).getMethod().getAnnotation(MyRetryable.class);        if (null == myRetryableAnnotation) {            return;        }        // 根据业务类型编码，获取枚举中定义的业务类型描述、重试的service、重试次数等信息        String businessTypeCode = myRetryableAnnotation.businessType().getBusinessTypeCode();        RetryTaskDefinitionEnum retryTaskDefinition = RetryTaskDefinitionEnum.getTaskDefinitionByBusinessTypeCode(businessTypeCode);        if (null == retryTaskDefinition) {            return;        }        RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity = new RetryTaskEntity();        retryTaskEntity.setBusinessTypeCode(businessTypeCode);        retryTaskEntity.setBusinessTypeDesc(retryTaskDefinition.getBusinessTypeDesc());        retryTaskEntity.setRetryServiceName(retryTaskDefinition.getRetryServiceName());        retryTaskEntity.setBusinessParam(JSON.toJSONString(joinPoint.getArgs()[0]));        retryTaskEntity.setWaitRetryTimes(retryTaskDefinition.getRetryTimes());        retryTaskEntity.setAlreadyRetryTimes(0);        retryTaskEntity.setRetryResultCode("");        retryTaskEntity.setRetryResultMsg("");        retryTaskEntity.setCreateUser("SYS");        retryTaskEntity.setCreateTime(new Date());        retryTaskEntity.setUpdateUser("SYS");        retryTaskEntity.setUpdateTime(new Date());        retryTaskService.addRetryTask(retryTaskEntity);    }}

基础类(Result、ResultCode、ResultGenerator)。XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

Result类：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public class Result {    private int code;    private String message;    private Object data;    public Result setCode(ResultCode resultCode) {        this.code = resultCode.getCode();        return this;    }    public int getCode() {        return code;    }    public Result setCode(int code) {        this.code = code;        return this;    }    public String getMessage() {        return message;    }    public Result setMessage(String message) {        this.message = message;        return this;    }    public Object getData() {        return data;    }    public Result setData(Object data) {        this.data = data;        return this;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Result{");        sb.append("code=").append(code);        sb.append(", message='").append(message).append('/'');        sb.append(", data=").append(data);        sb.append('}');        return sb.toString();    }}

ResultCode类：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public enum ResultCode {    SUCCESS(200),    FAIL(400),    UNAUTHORIZED(401),    FORBIDDEN(403),    NOT_FOUND(404),    INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR(500);    private final int code;    ResultCode(int code) {        this.code = code;    }    public int getCode() {        return code;    }}

ResultGenerator类：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public class ResultGenerator {    private static final String DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE = "SUCCESS";    private ResultGenerator() {    }    public static Result genSuccessResult() {        return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS).setMessage(DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE);    }    public static Result genSuccessResult(Object data) {        return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS).setMessage(DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE).setData(data);    }    public static Result genFailResult(String message) {        return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.FAIL).setMessage(message);    }    public static Result genFailResult(ResultCode code, String message) {        return new Result().setCode(code).setMessage(message);    }    public static Result genFailResult(String message, Object data) {        return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.FAIL).setMessage(message).setData(data);    }}

测试controller(PurchaseController)：XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

@RestController@RequestMapping("/purchase")public class PurchaseController {    @Autowired    private PurchaseService purchaseService;    @GetMapping("/test")    public String test(String param) {        purchaseService.addStock(param);        return "success";    }}

测试PurchaseService、和PurchaseServiceImplXZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

public interface PurchaseService {    Result addStock(String param);}

@Service("purchaseService")public class PurchaseServiceImpl implements PurchaseService {    @Override    // 在需要重试的业务方法上新增重试注解即可    @MyRetryable(businessType = RetryTaskDefinitionEnum.ADD_STOCK)    public Result addStock(String param) {//     return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult();        return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("系统异常...");    }}

三、总结

新增重试任务成功之后，我们可通过调度平台(比如：xxlJob)，定时查询重试任务表，然后调用RetryTaskDefinitionEnum中定义的重试的service(retryServiceName)，这里可以定义一个模板方法，根据retryServiceName，从spring中获取到对应的bean，执行具体的业务方法，然后更新任务状态和重试次数即可。XZF28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com

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